Regulation is a pervasive feature of the telecommunications services industry
today. Government-appointed regulators and judicial or quasi-judicial bodies
oversee it in countries at all stages of economic development. Its primary
purpose is to encourage, nourish and maintain competition in nation ...
Wireless communication has become increasingly important not only for professional appli-
cations but also for many fields in our daily routine and in consumer electronics. In 1990,
a mobile telephone was still quite expensive, whereas today most teenagers have one, and
they use it not only for call ...
The dictionary definition of telecommunications is ‘communication over long
distance by cable, telegraph, telephone or broadcasting’, but since its initiation over
100yearsagothingshavemovedrapidly.Telecommunicationsisnowaverycomplex
industrywithmanydifferentpressures,operatinginahighlydynamic env ...
Telecommunications is today widely understood to mean the electrical means of
communicating over a distance. The first form of telecommunications was that of
the Telegraph, which was invented quite independently in 1837 by two scientists,
Wheatstone and Morse. Telegraphy was on a point-to-point unid ...
Today wireless is becoming the leader in communication choices among
users. It is not anymore a backup solution for nomadic travellers but really a
newmoodnaturallyusedeverywhereevenwhenthewiredcommunicationsare
possible. Many technologies evolve then continuously, changing the telecom-
munication w ...
Wireless communications, together with its applications and underlying technologies, is
among today’s most active areas of technology development. The very rapid pace of im-
provements in both custom and programmable integrated circuits for signal processing ap-
plications has led to the justfiable ...
Contamination and electrostatic discharge (ESD) are now becoming recognized as factors
affecting yield and reliability in an ever-increasing number of industries. Whereas contam-
ination traditionally was recognized as affecting the semiconductor, disk drive, aerospace,
pharmaceutical, and medical d ...
Static electricity is the most ancient form of electricity known to humans. More
than 2000 years ago, the Greeks recognized the attraction between certain mate-
rials when they were rubbed together; indeed, the word electricity comes from
the Greek elektron, which means amber. During the seventeenth ...
Failure analysis is invaluable in the learning process of electrostatic discharge (ESD) and
electrical overstress (EOS) protection design and development [1–8]. In the failure analysis
of EOS, ESD, and latchup events, there are a number of unique failure analysis processes
andinformationthatcanprov ...
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) phenomena have been known to mankind since Thales of
Miletus in approximately 600 B.C.E. noticed the attraction of strands of hay to amber.
Two thousand six hundred years have passed and the quest to obtain a better under-
standing of electrostatics and ESD phenomenon c ...
