Developer.com - Online Reference Library - 0672311739:RED HAT LINUX 2ND EDITION:System Startup and Shutdown
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Under the sbin and usr/bin directories, you'll find a minimal set of programs. The idea is
to at least get you to the point where you can try to check your existing partitions, and
possibly mount your drive. For example, if you have a Linux partition on
/dev/hda3, you can try
# mount -t ext2 /dev/hda3 tmp
to mount your partition under tmp, and then attempt a fix. If you've installed Red Hat
Linux, and for some reason your system won't boot, and you don't have your Red Hat boot disks,
you can also try booting from your Red Hat Linux CD-ROM. Reboot your computer to
DOS, change directory to the CD-ROM and then
DOSUTILS, and then type AUTOBOOT, which will
execute the AUTOBOOT.BAT batch file and put you into the Red Hat installation process.
As a final note, you should remember that if you add another hard drive to your Linux
system, be sure to make an entry for its partition in
/etc/fstab so the drive will automatically be
mounted when you next start your system.
For More Information
For information regarding the Linux boot process, a host of handy tips on building boot
disks, pointers to boot disk packages, and a number of helpful scripts, see Tom Fawcett and
Graham Chapman's "Linux Bootdisk HOWTO" under
/usr/doc/HOWTO or at
http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/linux.html.
You should also look for the following rescue packages and other helpful utilities at
http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/recovery:
Scott Burkett's Bootkit
Oleg Kibirev's CatRescue
Thomas Heiling's Rescue Shell Scripts
Karel Kubat's SAR—Search and Rescue
Tom Fawcett's YARD
Read the man pages for the following commands on your Red Hat Linux system:
badblocks
debugfs
dump
dumpe2fs
e2fsck
fsck
fstab
halt
hdparm
init
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inittab
mke2fs
mount
rdev
restore
shutdown
swapon
tune2fs
If you ever lose or destroy your copies of the Red Hat Linux boot disks, you can get
replacements at http://www.redhat.com/ftp.html.
For details on how 4.4BSD boots, see Tabbed Section 1 of
4.4BSD System Manager's Manual. For details about other UNIX boot processes, see
UNIX Unleashed: System Administrator's Edition.
For loads of tips on maintaining your system, and background information about
different Linux filesystems, see Lars Wirzenius's Linux System Administrators' Guide
0.5. You'll find a copy at
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/LDP.
If you're interested in a Linux filesystem
defragmenter, check out Stephen Tweedie and Alexei Vovenko's defragmenter. You'll find it at
http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/filesystems/defrag-0.6.tar.gz.
Summary
This chapter covers a number of topics concerning starting and shutting down Linux,
including the following:
How Linux boots
How Linux starts
What runlevels are and when to use them
How to start and stop processes properly
How to use Red Hat's
tksysv runlevel editor
How to properly shut down your Linux system
How to properly restart your Linux system
The do's and don'ts of maintaining your system
How to create a root disk and copy of your kernel
How to possibly undelete a file
How to possibly recover and remount a Linux partition
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